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Common variants increase risk for congenital diaphragmatic hernia within the context of de novo variants.

American journal of human genetics

Authors: Lu Qiao, Carrie L Welch, Rebecca Hernan, Julia Wynn, Usha S Krishnan, Jill M Zalieckas, Terry Buchmiller, Julie Khlevner, Aliva De, Christiana Farkouh-Karoleski, Amy J Wagner, Andreas Heydweiller, Andreas C Mueller, Annelies de Klein, Brad W Warner, Carlo Maj, Dai Chung, David J McCulley, David Schindel, Douglas Potoka, Elizabeth Fialkowski, Felicitas Schulz, Florian Kipfmuller, Foong-Yen Lim, Frank Magielsen, George B Mychaliska, Gudrun Aspelund, Heiko Martin Reutter, Howard Needelman, J Marco Schnater, Jason C Fisher, Kenneth Azarow, Mahmoud Elfiky, Markus M Nöthen, Melissa E Danko, Mindy Li, Przemyslaw Kosiński, Rene M H Wijnen, Robert A Cusick, Samuel Z Soffer, Suzan C M Cochius-Den Otter, Thomas Schaible, Timothy Crombleholme, Vincent P Duron, Patricia K Donahoe, Xin Sun, Frances A High, Charlotte Bendixen, Erwin Brosens, Yufeng Shen, Wendy K Chung

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe congenital anomaly often accompanied by other structural anomalies and/or neurobehavioral manifestations. Rare de novo protein-coding variants and copy-number variations contribute to CDH in the population. However, most individuals with CDH remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we perform integrated de novo and common-variant analyses using 1,469 CDH individuals, including 1,064 child-parent trios and 6,133 ancestry-matched, unaffected controls for the genome-wide association study. We identify candidate CDH variants in 15 genes, including eight novel genes, through deleterious de novo variants. We further identify two genomic loci contributing to CDH risk through common variants with similar effect sizes among Europeans and Latinx. Both loci are in putative transcriptional regulatory regions of developmental patterning genes. Estimated heritability in common variants is ∼19%. Strikingly, there is no significant difference in estimated polygenic risk scores between isolated and complex CDH or between individuals harboring deleterious de novo variants and individuals without these variants. The data support a polygenic model as part of the CDH genetic architecture.

Copyright © 2024 American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 39332409

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