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Mutations in SREBF1, Encoding Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1, Cause Autosomal-Dominant IFAP Syndrome.

American journal of human genetics

Authors: Huijun Wang, Aytaj Humbatova, Yuanxiang Liu, Wen Qin, Mingyang Lee, Nicole Cesarato, Fanny Kortüm, Sheetal Kumar, Maria Teresa Romano, Shangzhi Dai, Ran Mo, Sugirthan Sivalingam, Susanne Motameny, Yuan Wu, Xiaopeng Wang, Xinwu Niu, Songmei Geng, Dorothea Bornholdt, Peter M Kroisel, Gianluca Tadini, Scott D Walter, Fabian Hauck, Katta M Girisha, Anne-Marie Calza, Armand Bottani, Janine Altmüller, Andreas Buness, Shuxia Yang, Xiujuan Sun, Lin Ma, Kerstin Kutsche, Karl-Heinz Grzeschik, Regina C Betz, Zhimiao Lin

IFAP syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia, and photophobia. Previous research found that mutations in MBTPS2, encoding site-2-protease (S2P), underlie X-linked IFAP syndrome. The present report describes the identification via whole-exome sequencing of three heterozygous mutations in SREBF1 in 11 unrelated, ethnically diverse individuals with autosomal-dominant IFAP syndrome. SREBF1 encodes sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), which promotes the transcription of lipogenes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterols. This process requires cleavage of SREBP1 by site-1-protease (S1P) and S2P and subsequent translocation into the nucleus where it binds to sterol regulatory elements (SRE). The three detected SREBF1 mutations caused substitution or deletion of residues 527, 528, and 530, which are crucial for S1P cleavage. In vitro investigation of SREBP1 variants demonstrated impaired S1P cleavage, which prohibited nuclear translocation of the transcriptionally active form of SREBP1. As a result, SREBP1 variants exhibited significantly lower transcriptional activity compared to the wild-type, as demonstrated via luciferase reporter assay. RNA sequencing of the scalp skin from IFAP-affected individuals revealed a dramatic reduction in transcript levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and of keratin genes known to be expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. An increased rate of in situ keratinocyte apoptosis, which might contribute to skin hyperkeratosis and hypotrichosis, was also detected in scalp samples from affected individuals. Together with previous research, the present findings suggest that SREBP signaling plays an essential role in epidermal differentiation, skin barrier formation, hair growth, and eye function.

Copyright © 2020 American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 32497488

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