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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease.

Nature reviews. Immunology

Authors: Michael T Heneka, Wiesje M van der Flier, Frank Jessen, Jeroen Hoozemanns, Dietmar Rudolf Thal, Delphine Boche, Frederic Brosseron, Charlotte Teunissen, Henrik Zetterberg, Andreas H Jacobs, Paul Edison, Alfredo Ramirez, Carlos Cruchaga, Jean-Charles Lambert, Agustin Ruiz Laza, Jose Vicente Sanchez-Mut, Andre Fischer, Sergio Castro-Gomez, Thor D Stein, Luca Kleineidam, Michael Wagner, Jonas J Neher, Colm Cunningham, Sim K Singhrao, Marco Prinz, Christopher K Glass, Johannes C M Schlachetzki, Oleg Butovsky, Kilian Kleemann, Philip L De Jaeger, Hannah Scheiblich, Guy C Brown, Gary Landreth, Miguel Moutinho, Jaime Grutzendler, Diego Gomez-Nicola, Róisín M McManus, Katrin Andreasson, Christina Ising, Deniz Karabag, Darren J Baker, Shane A Liddelow, Alexei Verkhratsky, Malu Tansey, Alon Monsonego, Ludwig Aigner, Guillaume Dorothée, Klaus-Armin Nave, Mikael Simons, Gabriela Constantin, Neta Rosenzweig, Alberto Pascual, Gabor C Petzold, Jonathan Kipnis, Carmen Venegas, Marco Colonna, Jochen Walter, Andrea J Tenner, M Kerry O'Banion, Joern R Steinert, Douglas L Feinstein, Magdalena Sastre, Kiran Bhaskar, Soyon Hong, Dorothy P Schafer, Todd Golde, Richard M Ransohoff, David Morgan, John Breitner, Renzo Mancuso, Sean-Patrick Riechers

Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing disease of our time. Multiple lines of information provided by experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological and genetic studies suggest a pathological role for innate and adaptive immune activation in this disease. Here, we review the cell types and pathological mechanisms involved in disease development as well as the influence of genetics and lifestyle factors. Given the decade-long preclinical stage of Alzheimer disease, these mechanisms and their interactions are driving forces behind the spread and progression of the disease. The identification of treatment opportunities will require a precise understanding of the cells and mechanisms involved as well as a clear definition of their temporal and topographical nature. We will also discuss new therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation, which are now entering the clinic and showing promise for patients.

© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.

PMID: 39653749

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