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The neurodevelopmental and facial phenotype in individuals with a TRIP12 variant.

European journal of human genetics : EJHG

Authors: Mio Aerden, Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon, Dominique Bonneau, Ange-Line Bruel, Julian Delanne, Bénédicte Gérard, Benoît Mazel, Christophe Philippe, Lucile Pinson, Clément Prouteau, Audrey Putoux, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Éléonore Viora-Dupont, Antonio Vitobello, Alban Ziegler, Amélie Piton, Bertrand Isidor, Christine Francannet, Pierre-Yves Maillard, Sophie Julia, Anais Philippe, Elise Schaefer, Saskia Koene, Claudia Ruivenkamp, Mariette Hoffer, Eric Legius, Miel Theunis, Boris Keren, Julien Buratti, Perrine Charles, Thomas Courtin, Mala Misra-Isrie, Mieke van Haelst, Quinten Waisfisz, Dagmar Wieczorek, Ariane Schmetz, Theresia Herget, Fanny Kortüm, Jasmin Lisfeld, François-Guillaume Debray, Nuria C Bramswig, Isis Atallah, Heidi Fodstad, Guillaume Jouret, Berta Almoguera, Saoud Tahsin-Swafiri, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Maria Palomares-Bralo, Vanesa López-González, Maria Kibaek, Pernille M Tørring, Alessandra Renieri, Lucia Pia Bruno, Katrin Õunap, Monica Wojcik, Tzung-Chien Hsieh, Peter Krawitz, Hilde Van Esch

Haploinsufficiency of TRIP12 causes a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability associated with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder and dysmorphic features, also named Clark-Baraitser syndrome. Only a limited number of cases have been reported to date. We aimed to further delineate the TRIP12-associated phenotype and objectify characteristic facial traits through GestaltMatcher image analysis based on deep-learning algorithms in order to establish a TRIP12 gestalt. 38 individuals between 3 and 66 years (F = 20, M = 18) - 1 previously published and 37 novel individuals - were recruited through an ERN ITHACA call for collaboration. 35 TRIP12 variants were identified, including frameshift (n = 15) and nonsense (n = 6) variants, as well as missense (n = 5) and splice (n = 3) variants, intragenic deletions (n = 4) and two multigene deletions disrupting TRIP12. Though variable in severity, global developmental delay was noted in all individuals, with language deficit most pronounced. About half showed autistic features and susceptibility to obesity seemed inherent to this disorder. A more severe expression was noted in individuals with a missense variant. Facial analysis showed a clear gestalt including deep-set eyes with narrow palpebral fissures and fullness of the upper eyelids, downturned corners of the mouth and large, often low-set ears with prominent earlobes. We report the largest cohort to date of individuals with TRIP12 variants, further delineating the associated phenotype and introducing a facial gestalt. These findings will improve future counseling and patient guidance.

© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Human Genetics.

PMID: 36747006

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