Trained innate immunity: concept, nomenclature and future perspectives.

During the past decade, compelling evidence has accumulated demonstrating that innate immune cells can mount adaptive characteristics, leading to long-term changes in their function. This de-facto innate immune memory has been termed trained immunity. Trained immunity is mediated through extensive metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications, and has important effects in human diseases. While the upregulation of trained immunity by certain vaccines provides heterologous protection against infections, the inappropriate activation of trained immunity by endogenous stimuli contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Development of vaccines that can induce both classical adaptive immunity and trained immunity may lead to a new generation of vaccines with increased efficacy. Activation of trained immunity can also lead to novel strategies for the treatment of cancer, while modulation of trained immunity can provide new approaches for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.

PMID: 39278362